Absenteeism

Absenteeism

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Workplace Absenteeism: Understanding Causes and Implementing Solutions

Workplace Absenteeism: Understanding Causes and Implementing Solutions

Understanding Workplace Absenteeism

Workplace absenteeism creates challenging situations for everyone involved in an organization. Whether an employee is absent for one day or one week, their absence creates ripple effects that impact workload distribution, team dynamics, and management efficiency.

By identifying the underlying issues behind employee absences, organizations can address root problems, provide necessary support, and develop strategies that benefit both individual employees and teams while maintaining productivity.

Workplace absenteeism occurs when employees consistently fail to appear for work over extended periods with little or no explanation. This concept differs from planned time away such as approved vacation time, legitimate illness, or family emergencies.

What Is the Difference Between Absence and Absenteeism?

Workplace absence typically occurs with valid reasons or advance notice. Employee absenteeism, conversely, is often unexplained, unapproved, or habitual without legitimate justification.

Types of Absenteeism

Not all employee absences fall into the same category. Identifying the specific type of absenteeism helps establish appropriate management strategies and corrective actions.

There are three main types of absenteeism in the workplace:

1. Authorized and Planned Absences

This includes pre-arranged time off coordinated between employees and supervisors, such as vacation days, medical appointments, personal time, paternity or maternity leave, and compassionate leave. Read more about types of leave here.

When employees submit and receive approval for time off requests, their absence shouldn't create significant issues. With proper preparation from employees and teams, work and tasks can be scheduled around approved absences.

2. Unplanned but Genuine Absences

Sometimes requiring unplanned time off cannot be planned in advance. While disruptive to workplace operations, unplanned absences are inevitable aspects of life, including illness, family emergencies, or personal emergencies.

3. Unauthorized Absences

This represents the most problematic type of absenteeism. Unexplained absences and disingenuous absences create the most frustrating scenarios for colleagues who must cover absent employees' work and manage overall absence impacts. Examples include participating in work strikes or choosing not to work without approved or legitimate reasons.

Not all employee absences fall into the same category. Identifying the specific type of absenteeism helps establish appropriate management strategies and corrective actions.

There are three main types of absenteeism in the workplace:

1. Authorized and Planned Absences

This includes pre-arranged time off coordinated between employees and supervisors, such as vacation days, medical appointments, personal time, paternity or maternity leave, and compassionate leave. Read more about types of leave here.

When employees submit and receive approval for time off requests, their absence shouldn't create significant issues. With proper preparation from employees and teams, work and tasks can be scheduled around approved absences.

2. Unplanned but Genuine Absences

Sometimes requiring unplanned time off cannot be planned in advance. While disruptive to workplace operations, unplanned absences are inevitable aspects of life, including illness, family emergencies, or personal emergencies.

3. Unauthorized Absences

This represents the most problematic type of absenteeism. Unexplained absences and disingenuous absences create the most frustrating scenarios for colleagues who must cover absent employees' work and manage overall absence impacts. Examples include participating in work strikes or choosing not to work without approved or legitimate reasons.

The Eight Primary Causes of Absenteeism

Employee absenteeism results from a combination of avoidable and unavoidable factors. While some common reasons can be improved through HR support or team assistance, others remain beyond organizational control.

1. Minor Illness and Health Issues

In the UK, the average absenteeism rate due to illness is 4.4 days per year per employee. While illness timing cannot be controlled, informing supervisors promptly helps manage absences more effectively during flu season and other health-related periods.

2. Workplace Bullying or Harassment

Workplace stress from bullying and harassment represents a prominent UK issue. In 2020 surveys, 23% of British workers reported workplace bullying, and 25% felt excluded, contributing to a toxic work environment.

Workplace bullying includes denying training or promotional opportunities, unfair treatment, spreading rumors, or undermining colleagues.

3. Mental Health Issues

Over 11 million workdays are lost annually due to work-related stress, whether from burnout, overwork, or personal issues. Mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns often lead to employees feeling unwell enough to miss work. Organizations should provide mental health resources and employee assistance programs to support staff.

4. Major Illness and Long-term Conditions

When individual employees face major illnesses or chronic conditions, they typically require extended time off for recovery, along with clear return-to-work programs that ease reintegration.

Health conditions may require customized work environments or schedule flexibility to accommodate routine medical appointments.

5. Family Responsibilities

While employers may encourage leaving personal issues outside work, reality makes this challenging. Family responsibilities such as divorce, urgent school matters, family illness, or childcare support gaps can create emergencies requiring immediate attention, affecting work-life balance.

6. Approved Leave

Approved leave falls under planned absences and is typically easier to manage. This includes bereavement leave, paternity leave, maternity leave, and vacation time.

7. Transportation Issues

Commuters face numerous potential daily disruptions. Employees often miss work hours due to inclement weather, delayed public transportation, construction, vehicle problems, or accidents.

8. Team and Management Issues

When employees lose respect for management teams, experience negative leadership interactions, or disagree with company decisions, they may disengage and avoid work to escape situations or related stress.

Employee absenteeism results from a combination of avoidable and unavoidable factors. While some common reasons can be improved through HR support or team assistance, others remain beyond organizational control.

1. Minor Illness and Health Issues

In the UK, the average absenteeism rate due to illness is 4.4 days per year per employee. While illness timing cannot be controlled, informing supervisors promptly helps manage absences more effectively during flu season and other health-related periods.

2. Workplace Bullying or Harassment

Workplace stress from bullying and harassment represents a prominent UK issue. In 2020 surveys, 23% of British workers reported workplace bullying, and 25% felt excluded, contributing to a toxic work environment.

Workplace bullying includes denying training or promotional opportunities, unfair treatment, spreading rumors, or undermining colleagues.

3. Mental Health Issues

Over 11 million workdays are lost annually due to work-related stress, whether from burnout, overwork, or personal issues. Mental health conditions including depression, anxiety, or other mental health concerns often lead to employees feeling unwell enough to miss work. Organizations should provide mental health resources and employee assistance programs to support staff.

4. Major Illness and Long-term Conditions

When individual employees face major illnesses or chronic conditions, they typically require extended time off for recovery, along with clear return-to-work programs that ease reintegration.

Health conditions may require customized work environments or schedule flexibility to accommodate routine medical appointments.

5. Family Responsibilities

While employers may encourage leaving personal issues outside work, reality makes this challenging. Family responsibilities such as divorce, urgent school matters, family illness, or childcare support gaps can create emergencies requiring immediate attention, affecting work-life balance.

6. Approved Leave

Approved leave falls under planned absences and is typically easier to manage. This includes bereavement leave, paternity leave, maternity leave, and vacation time.

7. Transportation Issues

Commuters face numerous potential daily disruptions. Employees often miss work hours due to inclement weather, delayed public transportation, construction, vehicle problems, or accidents.

8. Team and Management Issues

When employees lose respect for management teams, experience negative leadership interactions, or disagree with company decisions, they may disengage and avoid work to escape situations or related stress.

How to Calculate Absenteeism Rates

To calculate an absenteeism rate, divide the number of unexcused absences during a specific period by the total period, then multiply by one hundred for a percentage.

Example: John has three unexcused absences over one month (25 workdays):

Calculating Absence Rate

  • 3 absences ÷ 25 working days = 0.12

  • 0.12 × 100 = 12% Absentee Rate

Organizations should track absentee rates regularly to identify patterns and trends in workplace absenteeism.

To calculate an absenteeism rate, divide the number of unexcused absences during a specific period by the total period, then multiply by one hundred for a percentage.

Example: John has three unexcused absences over one month (25 workdays):

Calculating Absence Rate

  • 3 absences ÷ 25 working days = 0.12

  • 0.12 × 100 = 12% Absentee Rate

Organizations should track absentee rates regularly to identify patterns and trends in workplace absenteeism.

Create a better place of work today

Create a better place of work today

Simplify your people workflows and bring value to everyone in the organisation. Try Humaans today.

Simplify your people workflows and bring value to everyone in the organisation. Try Humaans today.

Understanding Lost Time Rates

The time rate represents total work time lost due to employee absences. This metric provides insight into how absences impact individual business performance and overall organizational productivity.

How to Calculate Lost Time Rate

Divide total employee absences (days/hours) by possible work total (hours/days) in a specific period of time and multiply by one hundred.

Example: Sarah works 25 days per month and missed four days:

Calculating Lost Time Rate

  • 4 days missed ÷ 25 days = 0.16

  • 0.16 × 100 = 16% Lost Time Rate

This indicates 16% of Sarah's potential monthly work time was lost to absenteeism, equivalent to 32 hours at eight hours daily.

The time rate represents total work time lost due to employee absences. This metric provides insight into how absences impact individual business performance and overall organizational productivity.

How to Calculate Lost Time Rate

Divide total employee absences (days/hours) by possible work total (hours/days) in a specific period of time and multiply by one hundred.

Example: Sarah works 25 days per month and missed four days:

Calculating Lost Time Rate

  • 4 days missed ÷ 25 days = 0.16

  • 0.16 × 100 = 16% Lost Time Rate

This indicates 16% of Sarah's potential monthly work time was lost to absenteeism, equivalent to 32 hours at eight hours daily.

How Absenteeism Affects Organizations

The effects of absenteeism are wide-ranging and potentially damaging regarding productivity, finances, and team morale. Impact severity depends on the employee, their role, and company size.

Smaller organizations typically feel greater negative impact than larger companies with multiple staff members covering similar roles.

Loss of Productivity

One employee's absence impacts entire team productivity. Team members must cover absent employees' work while catching up on their own tasks. Meetings require rescheduling, timelines need adjustment, and managers lose time overseeing absence tracking.

Poor Quality Work

Employees covering absent colleagues often experience workplace stress affecting their own work quality. Overwhelmed employees with unexpected additional responsibilities may produce poor results, potentially losing clients or customers.

Financial Losses and Operational Costs

Average employee absence costs £522 per year per employee, with absenteeism estimated to cost the UK economy £21 billion in 2020. These operational costs include replacement worker expenses, administrative costs, and potential overtime compensation.

Negative Impact on Team Morale

Frequent absences from individual employees can create workplace tension. Colleagues covering additional workload may resent absent employees or feel exploited, while management becomes stressed over frequent absenteeism.

Demotivated Workforce

Depending on absence reasons, employee stress likely increases from causes, missed work, and lost income. Individual employee stress easily transfers to others, causing motivation and morale breakdowns across teams, creating a less engaged workforce.

Strategies to Reduce Absenteeism Rates

While many absenteeism causes cannot be controlled, several actions can decrease company absenteeism rate and improve overall employee experience:

1. Increase Workplace Flexibility

Approximately half of UK lone-parent families work full-time, with many struggling to maintain healthy work-life balance. Employees regularly missing work due to family responsibilities benefit greatly from flexible work arrangements including remote work options, flexible hours, or family-adjusted schedules. Read more about flexible working.

2. Maintain High Morale and Motivation

While improved organizational culture doesn't happen overnight, incorporating wellness programs, career development opportunities, workplace culture events, and employee well-being initiatives have led to positive outcomes for nine out of ten organizations.

These outcomes include better employee morale, increased employee satisfaction, healthier work environment, and reduced excessive absenteeism.

3. Recognize and Reward Attendance

Employees feeling unrecognized for good work are twice as likely to quit. Although absent employees' negative effects are more obvious than engaged employees' positive impacts, recognizing and rewarding excellent attendance records (aside from genuine approved absences) through recognition programs can incentivize others to improve their performance.

4. Lead by Example

When company leaders frequently leave office last-minute without legitimate reasons, it creates unspoken permission for employees to behave similarly. Hold every employee accountable for consistent attendance and ensure each absence is tracked, managed, and addressed consistently.

5. Train Line Managers

Ensure managers and supervisors are prepared to handle chronic absenteeism. Training should include processes and systems for absence tracking and managing employee absences, plus relational training for navigating difficult conversations productively.

6. Support Struggling Employees

When employees have frequent absences or excessive absences, schedule regular check-ins to discuss underlying issues and develop management strategies. Creating a supportive work environment is especially important when addressing sensitive health or family matters.

7. Conduct Return-to-Work Interviews

When employees return after prolonged absences, arrange return-to-work interviews between them and managers or HR professionals. These interviews help ease employees back into roles and provide opportunities to discuss related issues while creating improvement strategies.

8. Consider Disciplinary Action

As soon as patterns of absenteeism emerge, arrange one-on-one meetings to discuss issues with employees and discover root causes. If absences don't improve, enforce workplace policies and enact appropriate disciplinary action, potentially including dismissal.

Creating an Effective Absence Policy

Company policies should include clear rules and regulations regarding employee absenteeism:

  • How to report unplanned absences (to whom and when)

  • How absences are tracked and documented through absence tracking systems

  • Company sick note policy requirements

  • Communication expectations during employee absences

  • How wages or salaries are affected by absences

  • Disciplinary actions for consistent, unexcused absences

  • Flexible leave policies for various personal reasons

Include these in your employee handbook.

Modernizing Absence Management with Humaans

Today's complex work environment requires sophisticated workforce management solutions. Organizations need absence management software that calculates entitlements, tracks various absence types, and ensures legal compliance without administrative burden.

Humaans provides comprehensive absence management solutions.

By centralizing absence management, Humaans helps organizations reduce absenteeism rate while supporting employee well-being and maintaining a productive workforce.

Ready to transform your absence management? Connect with Humaans to discover how our platform can help you create a more engaged workforce.

The effects of absenteeism are wide-ranging and potentially damaging regarding productivity, finances, and team morale. Impact severity depends on the employee, their role, and company size.

Smaller organizations typically feel greater negative impact than larger companies with multiple staff members covering similar roles.

Loss of Productivity

One employee's absence impacts entire team productivity. Team members must cover absent employees' work while catching up on their own tasks. Meetings require rescheduling, timelines need adjustment, and managers lose time overseeing absence tracking.

Poor Quality Work

Employees covering absent colleagues often experience workplace stress affecting their own work quality. Overwhelmed employees with unexpected additional responsibilities may produce poor results, potentially losing clients or customers.

Financial Losses and Operational Costs

Average employee absence costs £522 per year per employee, with absenteeism estimated to cost the UK economy £21 billion in 2020. These operational costs include replacement worker expenses, administrative costs, and potential overtime compensation.

Negative Impact on Team Morale

Frequent absences from individual employees can create workplace tension. Colleagues covering additional workload may resent absent employees or feel exploited, while management becomes stressed over frequent absenteeism.

Demotivated Workforce

Depending on absence reasons, employee stress likely increases from causes, missed work, and lost income. Individual employee stress easily transfers to others, causing motivation and morale breakdowns across teams, creating a less engaged workforce.

Strategies to Reduce Absenteeism Rates

While many absenteeism causes cannot be controlled, several actions can decrease company absenteeism rate and improve overall employee experience:

1. Increase Workplace Flexibility

Approximately half of UK lone-parent families work full-time, with many struggling to maintain healthy work-life balance. Employees regularly missing work due to family responsibilities benefit greatly from flexible work arrangements including remote work options, flexible hours, or family-adjusted schedules. Read more about flexible working.

2. Maintain High Morale and Motivation

While improved organizational culture doesn't happen overnight, incorporating wellness programs, career development opportunities, workplace culture events, and employee well-being initiatives have led to positive outcomes for nine out of ten organizations.

These outcomes include better employee morale, increased employee satisfaction, healthier work environment, and reduced excessive absenteeism.

3. Recognize and Reward Attendance

Employees feeling unrecognized for good work are twice as likely to quit. Although absent employees' negative effects are more obvious than engaged employees' positive impacts, recognizing and rewarding excellent attendance records (aside from genuine approved absences) through recognition programs can incentivize others to improve their performance.

4. Lead by Example

When company leaders frequently leave office last-minute without legitimate reasons, it creates unspoken permission for employees to behave similarly. Hold every employee accountable for consistent attendance and ensure each absence is tracked, managed, and addressed consistently.

5. Train Line Managers

Ensure managers and supervisors are prepared to handle chronic absenteeism. Training should include processes and systems for absence tracking and managing employee absences, plus relational training for navigating difficult conversations productively.

6. Support Struggling Employees

When employees have frequent absences or excessive absences, schedule regular check-ins to discuss underlying issues and develop management strategies. Creating a supportive work environment is especially important when addressing sensitive health or family matters.

7. Conduct Return-to-Work Interviews

When employees return after prolonged absences, arrange return-to-work interviews between them and managers or HR professionals. These interviews help ease employees back into roles and provide opportunities to discuss related issues while creating improvement strategies.

8. Consider Disciplinary Action

As soon as patterns of absenteeism emerge, arrange one-on-one meetings to discuss issues with employees and discover root causes. If absences don't improve, enforce workplace policies and enact appropriate disciplinary action, potentially including dismissal.

Creating an Effective Absence Policy

Company policies should include clear rules and regulations regarding employee absenteeism:

  • How to report unplanned absences (to whom and when)

  • How absences are tracked and documented through absence tracking systems

  • Company sick note policy requirements

  • Communication expectations during employee absences

  • How wages or salaries are affected by absences

  • Disciplinary actions for consistent, unexcused absences

  • Flexible leave policies for various personal reasons

Include these in your employee handbook.

Modernizing Absence Management with Humaans

Today's complex work environment requires sophisticated workforce management solutions. Organizations need absence management software that calculates entitlements, tracks various absence types, and ensures legal compliance without administrative burden.

Humaans provides comprehensive absence management solutions.

By centralizing absence management, Humaans helps organizations reduce absenteeism rate while supporting employee well-being and maintaining a productive workforce.

Ready to transform your absence management? Connect with Humaans to discover how our platform can help you create a more engaged workforce.

Trusted by global organisations

Trusted by global organisations

Create a better place of work today

Create a better place of work today

Simplify your people workflows and bring value to everyone in the organisation. Experience Humaans today.

Simplify your people workflows and bring value to everyone in the organisation. Experience Humaans today.

HR software for modern People teams to onboard, manage and grow their employees.

HR software for modern People teams to onboard, manage and grow their employees.